The Censorship Of The Journalism - 1546 Words

â€Å"Breaking news just in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† this is just one of the everyday things in the hectic world of journalism. People often downplay the significance of this huge task. Journalism allows people to know everything happening all around the world. It also allows questions that would otherwise be awkward to ask to be answered. It offers informative facts and often the whole truth to everyone out there. Without journalism the government would probably be in control of everything and fellow citizens would ignorant of the happenings around them. One of the roles in journalism is the journalist. Journalists have several tasks to complete but the main thing is that they inform the public about events and topics and how it may pertain to†¦show more content†¦Not only was he a journalist he was also a publisher and printer. He was rather successful in this area and it could be due to the fact that he would be neutral on subjects and scrutinize all sides of an issue and several perspectives on those issues would be published. He completely understood the meaning of the freedom of the press, and he wouldn’t limit the information he knows to the people in America. A reporter is another essential position in journalism. A reporter is the one who watches and pictures the events in great detail in order to inform viewers. They have to state their own views and also the facts of the things they are covering. This job includes having to gather the news and present it in a certain amount of time. They have to interview several people and attend public meetings, press conferences, and courts to find events of interest to the public. This job doesn’t quite provide fixed hours or a regular routine; it’ll change by the day. The type of work will change daily, as well as the amount of it. To fit this job a reporter must possess confident, so they won’t be overly amazed or intimidated by the rank of an interviewee. A reporter should always take initiative to do all tasks and not be easily discouraged by people or their surroundings. They should also posses the mental and physical drive to deal with any kind of situation quickly and to put it into words. When

Organizational Behavior and Strong Culture - 1260 Words

How a leader or a found of an organization can helps in creating a strong culture in an organization? Can a leader eliminate culture? Explain. Introduction. Leaders is a person who have a conduct and power in organization and made the decision to make sure achieve a goals. Leaders also have a power to influence on the organization to follow what the decision made on him. There are three major type of the leader such as autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire. Leader must have a good skill and knowledge to conduct the organization very well in the work. (Northouses (2007, p3). Kim Ann Zimmermann, LiveScience Contributor, July 09, 2012 ,the meaning culture is characteristic group of people such as religion, language, social habits, music and another else. Environment in the work place, defines the boundaries of the different groups. This is because the work place have many different people culture. This is make organization operate efficiently only when shared values exist among the employees. The another employees can learn about new values on the culture both of them.Culture are elusive and hidden, so they are hard to diagnose, manage and change. Next, culture sustain people through periods of difficulty and ward off anxiety. Culture also provides and encourages stability. It is more employees share and accept the core values, the stronger the culture and the more influences it is behavior. Organization is a social structured people to manage on theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Culture And Organizational Culture1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of culture in the organization The organization culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic organization. Leadership in organizations starts the culture formation process by imposing their assumptions and expectations on their followers. Once culture is established and accepted, they become a strong leadership tool to communicate the leader s beliefs and values to organizational members, and especially newRead MoreThe Relationship Between Organizational Culture And Leadership Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship Between Organizational Culture and Leadership Organizational culture is a set of rules and standards; it through its words, relationships and gestures to guide the behavior of its members, and the leadership is to predict the future, to cultivate the behavior of the followers. The relationship between these two concepts is helpful to improve or minimize the productivity of any company (Schein, 1985). The meaning of a good leadership is including an innovative organizational culture. And the establishmentRead MoreOrganisational Culture1310 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Is Organizational Culture? Organizational  culture refers to a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that show employees what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.[1] These values have a strong influence on employee behavior as well as organizational performance. In fact, the term organizational culture was made popular in the 1980s when Peters and Waterman’s best-selling book In Search of Excellence made the argument that company success could be attributed to an organizationalRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Its Effect On Individual Perception Of Authority, Behavior, And Learning945 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership behaviors, office politics, team building, and effective meeting strategies, as discussed in the previous are components that allude to one large apparatus of organizations—organizational culture. Organizational culture provides guidelines for which leaders are inspired, for how colleagues act toward one another, for how teams are built, and for how visions are achieved. As a result, it is vital to not only understand the previously described components of culture, but culture as a construct;Read MoreOrganizational Cu lture Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar Schein, a famous theorists dealing with organizational culture, provides the following definition for the term: A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems that has worked well enough to be considered valid and is passed on to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. (organizationalculture101) However, organizational culture is more than sharing assumptions used by a group to solve problems;Read MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership : An Organization906 Words   |  4 PagesFavian Ramirez MGT 105 Professor Call Organizational Culture and Leadership Organizational culture and leadership both affect every day working lives, even if you notice it or not. There is no single definition for organizational culture but the concept consists of socially developed rules of conduct that are shared by members of an organization. Some researchers believe that many traits of an organization’s culture are so vague and general that even the members of the organization cannot accuratelyRead MoreA Description Of School ( Organizational ) Culture1749 Words   |  7 Pages Organizational Culture Salih Dede University of Nevada- Reno EL700 Jafeth E. Sanchez, Ph.D. 10/27/2015 â€Æ' A Description of School (Organizational) Culture Today many companies are focusing on becoming a value-driven organization because we have seen those values types of organizations are some of the most successful companies. Value tends to drive culture and when you have an organization that has strong culture, you have a lot of employee that are bookbuild so your culture is driving completeRead MoreORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE1123 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Culture consists of beliefs and behavior. It is cultivated behavior in the sense that it is learnt from the other members of the society. According to Henry Mintzberg, an internationally renowned author on Business and Management, â€Å"culture is the soul of the organization – the beliefs and values, and how they are manifested. I think of the structure as the skeleton, and as the flesh and blood. And culture is the soul that holds the thing together and gives it life forceRead MoreThe Job Learning And The Transfer Of Knowledge Occurs When Employees Perceive Leader Support1056 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizational context. Design and Methods Using a modified survey by Engelbrecht and Mahembe (2013), the following hypotheses were addressed: Hypothesis 1: The facilitation of on-the-job learning and the transfer of knowledge occurs when employees perceive leader support. Hypothesis 2: Organizational learning was conducive to employee growth and development. Hypothesis 3: Servant leadership environments aid the transfer of knowledge by building a culture of learning whereby employees perceivedRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding organizational behavior is important for everyone involved in an organization, not just the leadership and management teams. By gaining and understanding this knowledge each employee should be able to realize how their individual actions contribute to the big picture of the company. In order to understand this there are some key concepts and terminology that must be explained to make the learning process more manageable. Organizational Behavior What is organizational behavior? According

Accountable Care Organization Free Essays

Accountable Care Organization Ralph Edwards Grand Canyon University Operations in Risk Management in Health Care HCA-460 Dr. Smith March 24, 2013 ACO Even although, the cost of the health care system and the care it offers my not allow the national debt to decline to a level that will or would enhance the economy forward the cost of running a system that is backed by the government is too costly, and it will not help the deficit. , the legal responsibility of the organization is that every patron should have the same treatment for the same ailment. We will write a custom essay sample on Accountable Care Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are no predetermined dispositions; everyone is eligible as a government-backed facility. The funds are to assure those who have no insurance are covered. The accountable care organization needs to sustain a system of health care to the elderly and financially handicap; no one turned away from health care under this system of care. Including but not limited to the handicap and mentally disturbed and during the implementation of the ACA for the elderly, the system allowed all who need care to continue to have health care. All who live in America have the right and the ability to use the systems health care services for their benefit. The legal responsibility of the ACA has shown itself to be of value to all who depend on this system of care. What is the organization’s legal responsibility? the legal responsibility of the organization is that every patron should have the same treatment for the same ailment. The ACO answerable to a third party payer and the patient for the appropriateness, quality and proficiency of care delivered. The Centers of Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS), and the ACO is â€Å"health care providers of an organization which approves accountable services of quality, overall care, and quality of Medicare beneficiaries enrolled by the traditional fee-for-service program that are assigned to it. † Medicare (2010). The cost of running a system that backed by government funds is too costly, and it will not help the deficit. The potential for quality is to reduced, improve and the care while healthcare spending with high expenditures nationwide. However, the ACO’s have many challenges that affect their implementation for the development of ACO’s. First, lack of specificity on how the ACOs can and will implement. The American Hospital Association estimated the formation of ACOs would create startup cost that is staggering with expenses annually too large to maintain systems, American Hospital Association. (2011). There are three core principles to any ACOs. First, provider-led organizations with primary maintenance and a strong base are liable communally and total per capita costs for quality with full continuum for the population of care for patients. Second, excellent improvements will have linked to also have complete costs reduced, and third, progressively and reliable sophisticated measurement performance to improve, support, and provide the savings of confidence are achieved with improvements of care, , McClellan M, McKethan AN, Lewis JL, Roski J, Fisher ES (2010). The cost of running a system supported by government resources is too costly, and it will not help the deficit. The organizations responsibility for the regulatory practices of the ACO with the best method to improve quality and greater collaboration of care providers that will reduce cost. Unavoidably, the infrastructure would result with consolidation, coordination in the sector of health care. The Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission address the ACOs concerns and developed rules that would regulate their actions over the market power the collude improperly dealing with commercial health plans. This action would not barricade the operation and or formation of the ACOs as Medicare payment reform, McClellan, Mark, et al. (2010). The Advanced Medical Technology Association, which represents MDI, believes that the system may allow the ACOs to emphasis on cost rather than quality of care. CMS would rather see beneficiary’s stronger oversight, which would require annual consents to ACOs to provide care. â€Å"David Nexon, stated that innovation and the process of medical progress is the willingness of the dependent person’s to early medical adopters, which can interrupt that early process of the ACO, senior executive vice president at AdvaMed. In addition, CMS in regards to Medicare should monitor the program. New technology users should not be penalized and the cost should be based on savings and not by any one physician, Jaimy Lee ( June 2011). The overnment will pay the fee for services rendered, traditionally to the ACOs. There is an increase in the cost of health care, experts contend because Medicare programs paid doctors that ordered substantial test for their patients. CMS shall cover expenses incurred for the caring of their patients, one payment received by ACOs. The cost is considered and the extra kept if patients are healthy with prevention methods and managing chronic diseases. Quality assessment benchmarks must be stringent and must include the consequence, experiences, and private process to be suitable (aha. rg, 2012; Gold, 2012). The oversight process of the ACOs had apparatuses, which include but not limited to regulatory environment: Federal Jurisdiction, 3022 of PPACA, and many other oversight processes that administrate the system. The established ACOs outcome is determined, although CMS prays for method used, paved as to return to collegiality patient atmosphere to normality. Therefore, you can see that although the cost of running a system backed by government funds is too costly, and it will not help the deficit. The legal responsibility of the organization is that every patron has the same treatment for the same ailment, for two main reasons. First, there are no predetermined dispositions everyone is eligible, but most importantly, as a government backed facility the funds that are mandated to assist those who have no insurance are covered. As ACOs becomes more established and maintains the government’s idea and the public’s capacities on health care with reducing cost and heightened quality, balancing the enormous entity will have a profound effect on the public’s outlook of our government directed systems. The public will undoubtedly respond positively and back the direction of the systems directors and administrators. With the potential of improving quality care and reducing a nations expenditures in health care ACOs still face an abundance of challenges the will affect the ACOs implementation and development. The absence of how the implementation and the AHA estimated and incur startup cost that is sky high The United States Department of Justice. (2011). References Medicare † Accountable Care Organizations† Shared Savings Program – New Section 1899 of Title XVIII, Preliminary Questions ; Answers†. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved January 10, 2010 FTC and the Department of Justice. (2011). â€Å"Statement of Antitrust Enforcement Policy Regarding Accountable Care Organizations Participating in the Medicare Shared Savings Program. † Final Policy Statement, 1-18 American Hospital Association. (2011). â€Å"The Work Ahead: Activities and Costs to Develop an Accountable Care Organization. American Hospital Association, 1-17. McClellan, Mark, et al. A National Strategy to put Accountable Care into Practice. Health Affairs. 29(5). 2010. 982-990. Jaimy Lee ( June, 2011) AdvaMed presses for oversight on ACOs | Modern Healthcare http://www. modernhealthcare. com/article/20110608/NEWS/306089961#ixzz2OtSa2rUw The United States Department of Justice. (2011). Department of justice/federal trade commission issue final statement of antitrust policy enforcement regarding accountable care organizations. http://www. justice. gov/opa/pr/2011/October/11-at-1384. html How to cite Accountable Care Organization, Papers

Countries or Industries that are Affected Samples for Students

Question: What is the Globalization Defind asthr Dynamic Force ? Answer: Introduction Globalization can be defined as the dynamic force that plays a pivotal role in the integration of the global markets. It is not only concerned with the survival but also provides an immense opportunity for the future course of action. Further, it leads to immense stability of the business in the global prospect. Globalization is essential when it comes to the process of development because it infuses a feeling of necessity in the mind of the people. The development can be complete when the resources are in plenty, high level of education and upgraded technology. To attain a success with the concept of globalization, it is essential a well-defined path must be followed. The noteworthy step in globalization comprises of cultural, political and economic (Lechner John, 2011). Overall, the area of globalization is linked to innumerable places and hence contains a capacity to drive the economy to success. The structure of globalization's encompasses the industrial, as well as financial bu siness. The influence of globalization is not catered to a single country rather it brings prospects for all. Countries or Industries that are affected With the advent of globalization, there has been an immense change in the global scenario. A radical change has been noticed in the developing, as well as developed countries. Therefore, globalization is not limited to any country rather it spans to the countries of the world at large. The impact of globalization has been significant in the developing countries like India, Africa, China, etc. On the other hand, developed countries to have witnessed a significant help from it such as France, Demark, Germany, Sweden, etc (Sorrells, 2013). As per the research, it has been chalked out that Ireland holds the place for the most globalized nation and is followed by Austria, Singapore, etc. The presence of United Kingdom cannot be ignored and it stands at rank 34th. As per the index of the globalization, it can be commented that the nation that is globalized are able to reap ample benefits and are rich (Wolf, 2014). The business culture is strong because of the knowledge and power of the peo ple. Globalization have a strong impact on the nation and therefore, the trend of the people undergoes a sea change. The people in such nations have a different perception and are able to different ideologies (Lechner John, 2011). There is no denying the fact that globalization has influenced the market of the developing countries too. The multinationals have undergone a huge change and a strong link with the international market has provided a strong boost to these companies (James, 2014). However, the impact is not the same in all the countries because there have been multiple cases of deindustrialization in many countries. Positive impacts When it comes to globalization, the positive impact of globalization stands tall. From the very beginning, the process of globalization caters to the benefit of the countries and influenced the overall economy of the world. It has ensured the world to be a better place to live in. it strived to remove the problem of poverty and problem of unemployment. The concept of free trade and the association between various countries of the world has provided a positive result. Secondly, the poor countries have been positively affected as the economies of such countries are changed for the best. The exchange of information has got a new lease of life. In short, the geographical barriers are removed leading to a strong link. There existed a strong rift between the developed and the developing countries which were removed with the help of globalization. A strong level of trust and bonding has developed and the countries have become cooperative. The concept of cultural globalization has brought a strong revolution in terms of enhancing the social link and added a strong meaning to the culture of the people. Globalization has changed the outlook of the countries through a radical change in the process of communication and technology. On the other hand, enhanced means of communication has taken the world by change. The mobility in terms of labor has another added impact where the labor from one country can move to another and provide services. In short, it can be commented that globalization has ensured innumerable advantages and that the world is transformed into a place where there is free movement and is easy to operate. Negative effects Though infused with innumerable advantages, the negative side of globalization cannot be ignored. It has been claimed by many that globalization is making rich richer while the poor poorer. As per Conversi (2010) it has a strong impact on the people working at a high level and standards while there has been a negative showcase on the workers. Further, globalization was deemed to eliminate all the barriers in terms of trade. However, the reality is different because the developed countries operate on their own and have formed an arrangement with their own counterparts and are not concerned with the developing countries. The process of globalization has provided a great stability to the skilled workers; however, the unskilled ones are neglected (Conversi, 2010). It is due to the fact that the entire working process has undergone a huge change and work is automated. Therefore, it direct affects the unskilled labors and a rise in unemployment. It needs to be noted that if there is no pre sence of infrastructure then the unemployed people will fail to get work ultimately leading to a rise in unemployment. Analysis The impact of globalization brought a significant change in the airlines that caters to the government, as well as private airlines. The introduction of new airlines like Boeing 747 has changed the scenario of the airlines as more passengers can be carried with ease and flexibility. The government contribution has enhanced the development of the resort, as well as infrastructure leading to a string tourist attraction. The western countries such as Europe and North America are influenced in a positive manner. The International Air Transport has released its data where the travel has witnessed a strong growth of 6.6% in the year 2010 compared to the year 2000 (Manfred Steger, 2011). The Airline industry has got a strong growth by dint of globalization and is expected to increase further. The technological changes have infused new airlines into the industry thereby leading to a significant impact on the travelers. Further, mergers in the field of airlines have impacted the airline indu stry and the case of investment (Wolf, 2014). Both has enhanced the overall scenario and allowed the airline industry to scale new peaks. Hence, with the aid of the globalization, the results are noteworthy. Conclusion Globalization has infused pace in the economies of developed, as well as developing countries and led to an increment in the trade. From the discussion, it is clear that globalization has opened the gates of trade. The presence of technology and new and varied techniques has ensured the world to be a global village. Globalization has aided many countries to enhance their status and led to an immense level of growth. However, the same has disadvantages and needs to be looked into by the authorities so that the concept of globalization remains aloof from the clutches of the disadvantages. Overall, globalization has changed the entire scenario with the far fetching results. References Conversi, D 2010, The Limits of Cultural Globalisation, Journal of Critical Globalisation Studies vol. 3, pp. 3659 James, P 2014, 'Faces of Globalization and the Borders of States: From Asylum Seekers to Citizens, Citizenship Studies vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 20823. Lechner, F. J. John B 2011, The Globalization Reader, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishers. Manfred B Steger, P.J 2013, Levels of Subjective Globalization: Ideologies, Imaginaries, Ontologies, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology. Vol. 12, pp. 1-12 Steger, M 2009, Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, New York: Oxford University Press Wolf, M 2014, Shaping Globalization, Finance Development vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 2225. 361386. Sorrells, K 2013, Intercultural Communication: Globalization and Social Justice, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2013. Lechner, F.J. John, B 2011, The Globalization Reader, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishers. Wolf M 2014, Shaping Globalization, Finance Development vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 2225

Making India Work Summary

In his book, â€Å"making India work†, William Nanda Bissell has endeavored to directly confront the poverty facing India by recognizing the enormous potential that the country has at its disposal. This is in spite of the high levels of grinding poverty that afflict more than 60 percent of the population. As Bissell has rightly observed, India is not a poor country. Instead, we ought to blame the poor management structures in the country for the problems that we are now faced with (Bissell, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Making India Work: Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Bissell has pointed out that India considers itself to be a superpower, and yet well over 60% of the country’s population is faced with grinding poverty. The transformative ideas that Bissell proposes are intended to ensure wealth generation at the grassroots level, as opposed to relying on a trickle-do wn effect. One cannot help but observe how Bissell’s book is an attempt to provide solutions to the problems that been forecasted by Mahatma Gandhi in his fundamental principles of living. According to Gandhi, need, as opposed to greed, ought to constitute the foundation of all forms of consumptions and in light of this, he made a clarion call for suitably scaled institutions, that is, locally decentralize institutions that can easily be access by the people. In addition, he also warns us against blindly imitating the consumption and industrialization patterns that are a characteristic of the western nations. In his book, Bissell has endeavored to capture four fundamental ideas: Scaling down government Bissell proposes the adoption of a government structure that consists of four levels. In this case, Bissell recommends that the community should constitute the fundamental and active unit of government, effectively replacing the Panchayats (Bissell, 2010). Bissell proposes that the community should be made up of 25,000 people. In addition, he has also recommended that districts should be replaced by a group of 100 communities, or what he refers to as an Area. Moreover, a collection of 10 Areas would effectively replace the state. At the highest level of these 4 stages of structural governance is the Nation (Bissell, 2010). Bissell has advocated for a simplification of the government, in addition to ensuring that its roles are reduced by way of setting standards, individual rights, and monitoring and regulating compliance. Furthermore, Bissell asserts that this structure would be most ideal in helping to reduce the bureaucracy that characterizes the Indian government. At the moment, there are 22 million strong government servants and Bissell is convinced that this figure should be reduced to 2 million government servants. Ending poverty The Indian government has assumed a scattered approach in its quest to alleviate poverty. As a result, only a fraction of the financial assistance really reaches the intended beneficiaries. As a result, a majority of the Indian shall still remain poor. In order to end the poverty cycle, Bissell recommends the adoption of a voucher system, one that he has called Targeted Catalysts.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, the Targeted Catalyst would ensure that each individual is guaranteed of receiving six fundamental services namely, drinking water, nutrition, healthcare, sewage disposal, education, and legal assistance (Bissell, 2010). The private sectors would be charged with the responsibility of ensuring that these essential services are provided to those in need, for purposes of increasing effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, Indians in need of these vital services would receive the vouchers from the government and present them to the private service providers, who would then have to be reimbursed for the services provided by the government (Bissell, 2010). Further, Bissell has recommended that the reimbursement value should be pegged on the quality rating of such a private providers, meaning that those who are in a position to provide better services also receive better pay. Tax simplification The prevailing excesses of taxes namely, capital gains tax, incomes tax, excise duty, and sales tax, among others, often times discourage productivity. In addition, a high collection and compliance cost is often attached to these taxes (Bissell, 2010). In a bid to overcome these shortcomings, Bissell has proposed the adoption of a simple system of taxation that is primarily based on property tax that is an annual rate of one percent on the value of property, to be collected by communities. Bissell further contends that even as the prevailing tax system has the potential to realize approximately $120 billion in terms of annual revenue, nonetheless, the proposed new system has the potential to realize a total annual revenue collection of $300 billion at a lesser cost than that accrued by the current system of taxation (Bissell, 2010). In addition, Bissell argues that embracing the proposed new system of revenue collection would ensure that the community government becomes empowered since most of the revenues collection, along with a spending of the same on the identified Targeted Catalysts would effectively occur at the Community level. The Real Cost Bissell has endeavored to unearth the underlying cause of the failure by the modern day capitalist nations. In this regard, he argues that today’s capitalism has not succeeded in placing the deserved value on the real cost of production, such as the environmental cost of producing products, the actual cost of production, as well as the cost of disposal (Bissell, 2010). As a result, Bissell argues that there is need to take into account the real cost of a product when we are computing its pricing. In t he same way, as citizens, access to clean water and air constitutes the basic human rights and as such, we are entitled to these. Bissell has also observed that environmental exchanges shall enable those communities that have invested in clean water, biodiversity and forest to trade credits with their counterparts who are still aging behind.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Making India Work: Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, this shall translate into increased investment in efforts to ensure greener environments (Bissell, 2010). Besides, Bissell has also presented a worked out transition and National Asset Corporation plan that would make use of the public sector assets value for purposes of financing government downsizing efforts, along with other transition costs. Reflection Bissell has managed to accurately diagnose the challenges facing India. For example, he has vividly managed to illus trate how mere talk on sustainability, poverty alleviation and inclusive growth may not actually succeed until our governance, political, welfare, justice economics, development and planning systems have all been fundamentally transformed. There is need to appreciated the fact that India should not be compared with a machine that require re-engineering. The recommendations provided by Bissell are too prescriptive, not to mention that they almost solely rely on rational thinking, economics concepts, and design and engineering, and have failed to take into account the cultural, emotional sociological and relationships aspects. For instance, Bissell is convinced that if the right system has been implemented, individuals and communities alike shall rationally and automatically work hard in order to ensure maximization, in addition to ensuring that the accruing benefits are equitably shared. In yet another example, Bissell has recommended that the community and state boundaries be reorga nized on the basis of the overall population, with little or no regard fro linguistic, ethnic, and cultural identities. Even as Bissell’s suggestion still remains a logical and fundamental one, nonetheless, he has abhorrently misjudged the potential ensuring emotional responses. Bissell should have considered the significance attached to emotional and cultural identities that simultaneously â€Å"empower† and â€Å"divide† and â€Å"hold a system together†. Group behavior is characterized by various unique elements, such as the issue of systemic influences, individual vs. collective morality, and downward causation, among others. Apparently, in deriving his solutions to ensuring that India works, Bissell has somewhat ignored these aspects. Bissell has also been seen to assume a â€Å"mechanistic† view of the systems. In this regard, he has sought to view the various systems in the Indian government and government as machines capable of being disman tled, re-engineered or assembled. Nonetheless, it is important to appreciate the fact that the proposal by Bissell to downsize the various economic and governance systems in India is not only a relevant undertaking, but also one that would result in increased transparency and enhanced service delivery. Change is painful and as such, there is often the urge to resist it. However, through a redesigning of the subsystems and systems in India, this would effectively acts as a stepping stone towards the transformation of India into a prosperous and sustainable nation. Reference Bissell, W. N. (2010). Making India Work. New Delhi: Penguin Books.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Making India Work: Summary was written and submitted by user Giovanni F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Song of Solomon Analysis Essay

Free Song of Solomon Analysis Essay Song of Solomon Song of Solomon, winner of the 1978 National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction, is an intricately woven, thematically complex novel that addresses ancestral history, class-versus-race bonds, and sexism. Milkman Dead begins searching for gold and freedom from familial ties; in the process of searching, he discovers his family history and learns about his own tribal power. Although the opening scene occurs in 1931, the characters tell stories that date back to the late nineteenth century, when Milkmans great grandfather, Solomon, flew away from a field in which he worked as a slave, leaving behind twenty-one children and an African myth of flight. In many of Morrisons stories, seeking or denying ones cultural roots is a major concern Milkman Dead, the young man who is searching for independence in Song of Solomon, leaves his home to find gold. Instead, he discovers the intricacies of his familys heritage, a discovery that connects him to life and, ironically, simultaneously frees him from life. Milkman begins to recognize the links between past experiences and present circumstances. Consequently, he develops an understanding of his mothers abnormal sexual behaviors and his fathers obsession with owning things. Ruth is dead inside, frightened of her husband and bored by her life She searches for some sign of her own purpose and usefulness in life by creating elaborate arrangements to cover a watermark on her mahogany dining table. Much more alarming, she breast-feeds her son until he is old enough to walk and talk, a fact that is discovered by a town gossip who gives the boy the nickname Milkman, which stays with him for the rest of his life. Macons obsession with gaining wealth and owning property is symbolized by his keys, which he counts constantly and fondles frequently in order to gain a sense of security. Macon believes that class elevation will protect him and his family from racism. He marries Ruth because she is a doctors daughter, not because he loves her. He parades his well-dressed daughters before his lower-class tenants but rushes to guard the girls when a tenant tries to touch them. Furthermore, when Macon collects rent from these tenants, he shows little compassion for the plight of those who have limited funds. Although Morrison does not focus primarily on the class/race relationship in this novel, this concern appears to be a major theme. Rather than seeking truth or taking flight, Macon decides to live by the standards set by his capitalistic society. Pilate refuses to do the same thing. Her only participation in society is her business of selling homemade wine, the profits from which she, Reba, and Hagar either squander or give away. Milkman says that he cannot identify the source of comfort in her home, a home of so few material comforts. Pilates daughter, her granddaughter, her bag of bones, and her homemade earring, with which a bird flies away after she dies, seem to be her only treasures. The flying motif of the story is based on the African myth of enslaved Africans flying back to the African continent. Whether Milkmans great grandfather died, simply left, or actually flew away from the field is undetermined. Yet the empowerment of such a myth and the oppression it suggestsan oppression so strong that it engendered such wishes or such powerattest the Africans faith in their ability to transcend their subjugation. The importance of ancestors and history is indicated by Morrisons emphasis on naming The incorrect, altered, and denied names in the story create distance between the characters and their identities. When Macons father, who is actually named Jake, registers with the Freedmans Bureau, a government organization that requires the registration of all emancipated slaves, the clerk makes errors that result in the name Macon Dead becoming his legal name. Macons father begins the Dead tradition of blindly choosing the names of female children from the Bible. This is how Pilate, Reba, Hagar, and Milkmans sisters, Magdalene Lena Dead and First Corinthians Dead, get their names. The names in the community are also important indications of the struggle between those in power and those in subjugation. The African Americans in the city decide to refer to the street on which the only colored doctor had lived as Doctor Street, but the citys legislators order that any mail addressed to Doctor Street be directed to the dead letter office. In an official notice, the legislators note the streets name as Mains Avenue and not Doctor Street. Therefore, as a way to keep their memories alive and please the legislators as well, the African Americans refer to the street as Not Doctor Street. In a similar way, they rename the MercyHospital No Mercy Hospital, to emphasize the hospitals refusal to treat African American patients. Morrisons women in this novel are fascinating, and they are necessary to Milkmans maturity and development as well as to the fulfillment of his journey. The magnificent Pilate, juxtaposed with her brother Macon, illustrates for Milkman how far removed his parents and sisters are from natural lives. During Milkmans search in Virginia, women provide significant pieces to the puzzle of his history. An examination of Pilate, Ruth, and Hagar indicates, however, that Morrison wishes to point out that women are not allowed the freedoms that men enjoy in this society. Milkmans mother and aunt are the two important women in his life As the daughter of the only African American doctor in town, Ruth is bred to an upper-middle-class existence. She is presented in the novel as the underside of the ideal Southern lady image. She is totally cut off from life, benevolently imprisoned by her father, and spitefully contained by her husband, who marries her because of her class position and despises her for her inherent weakness. Ruths life is one of uneventful waste. As critic Barbara Christian explains, her life is symbolic of the terror that awaits those women who become the emblem of a mans wealth and class position. Unlike Ruth, Pilate exists totally outside societal structures, as is indicated by her lack of a navel. Her home, which is not even equipped with electricity, stands outside town. She sees little value in material things and sells homemade wine to provide an income for herself, her daughter, and her granddaughter. Pilate possesses admirable strength and energy, but, in order to grow and survive on her own terms, she has to move outside society. Hagars acceptance of European standards of beauty, such as light skin, straight hair, and thin noses, illustrates the ill effects of societys tendency to objectify women who live within it. When Milkman rejects Hagar, she concludes that her woolly hair, unfashionable clothes, and lack of makeup are the reasons. Frantically, she shops for stockings, lipsticks, and other cosmetics, hoping to transform herself into something she imagines Milkman finds acceptable. By the end of the novel, Milkman recalls and regrets his treatment of Hagar His experience with her and his exposure to the other women in his life lead him toward the fulfillment he enjoys as his journey closes. Morrison seems to imply that women are necessary participants in the development of males. Meanwhile, male-dominated cultures impede female development.

Japan's Culture vs. United State's Culture Research Paper

Japan's Culture vs. United State's Culture - Research Paper Example In comparing the cultures of Japan and the United States, it is clear that the differences provide for very different outcomes in relationship to economy and success. The central government is involved in the success of their school systems. School systems are the same throughout the nation with moves from one region to another meaning that a child will not be in a different state of educational advancement in one place compared to another. Equity is achieved through the centralized control of the education system. Communities are not responsible for defining their own education system, but rather there is a high quality of standardization that exists though out the country (Berger, 2009). Children spend longer days, longer weeks which include Saturdays, and a longer period of the year in school. School systems are only shut down for one month out of the year. Three fourths of the children attend supplemental public school which is called juko (Berger, 2009). Japanese children routinely score higher on science and mathematics tests. One criticism, however, is that so much time is spent on rote learning that concept of meta-cognitive skills are not as well developed. Learning discipline through memorization is emphasized while thinking skills are not fully developed to the capacity that could be achieved. In 2002, the Japanese government made changes in order to create more relaxed learning in order to maximize controlled curriculum at 30% with the rest of the curriculum being devoted to teaching children how to think (Berger, 2009). Family life in Japan, therefore, is based upon the importance of the group dynamic. Georges (2009) shows that the ideal family relationship is one in which â€Å"a feeling of oneness† exists to the point that the members of the family understand one another without having to discuss anything. Contrasting to American ideas of teenage life, when polled on how much teenagers believed that their family

The downside of trusted computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The downside of trusted computing - Essay Example The problem comes up with the main purpose of the chip. It is technically achievable with trusted computing, to protect the hardware for its possessor as well as to secure it against its holder. Other related issues comprise of the exploitation of validation of software remotely. In this case, the maker and not the client who possesses the computer system make a decision on what software would be permitted to run ("Weighing the pros and cons of the Trusted Computing Platform," n.d.). Another concern is that client action in these circumstances might be recorded in a proprietary database without the knowledge of the user. In this case, user privacy happens to be an issue as well as forming a security acquiescence conflict. Designs that exist are essentially damaged since they expose the public to new dangers of anti-consumer as well as anti-competitive behavior. Although the hardware is employed as per published specifications, it can still be utilized in a manner that harms computer possessors. Second, makers of certain trusted computers as well as components may surreptitiously implement them wrongly ("Weighing the pros and cons of the Trusted Computing Platform," n.d.). Hardware enrichments may be one technique to develop computer safety ("Trusted Computing: Promise and Risk | Electronic Frontier Foundation," n.d.). Treating computer holders as enemies is not growth in computer security. The owner control, interoperability and competition as well as similar issues intrinsic to the NCSCB and TCG approach are very serious that we advocate against embracing these trusted computing technologies up to the time these issues have been

Plants physiology exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Plants physiology exam - Assignment Example The aforementioned function of root to shoot N signaling implies that any element that will accelerate the mechanism will be important for the growth functions of the plants. The elevation of CO2 levels in the arid areas forms one of the most important factors which usually affects the xylem flow rates. This happens because of the reliant of xylem flow rates on stomatal opening and closure. In which case, the carbon iv oxide elevation causes stomatal closure, which in turn slow down the flow rate in the xylem (Easlon & Bloom, 2013). C4 plants are likely adapted to survive in arid type of environments because of their special ts mechanism which resists elevated levels of carbon iv oxide. The mechanism is called Kranz anatomy of the leaf whereby the bundle sheath cells helps tin decarboxylation of the CO2. These bundle sheath are found within the periphery of the vascular bundles found in the C4 plants, whereby they decarboxylate the carbon iv oxide coming from the mesophyll cells. This is different to the C3 plants which do not have the bundle sheath cells in accompaniment with the enzyme called PEP carboxylase, to help in regulating the high amounts of CO2 in the arid areas. The C3 plants only survive on the C3 carbon fixation pathway for the purpose of converting the CO2 to a compatible organic compound. A mixture of both plants will lead to a faster growth of the C3 plants as compared to the C4 plants. When one plant community containing both plants, C3 plants are likely to utilize more of the carbon iv oxide obtained for photosynthesis as compared to the C4. This happens because the C4 plants have two pathways whereby bundle sheath pathway functions in converting CO2 to organic compounds thereby leaving less for photosynthetic process. Intuitively, this is an efficient prototype for explaining the potential of stronger competition from the C4 plants (Easlon & Bloom,

Tata Motors Capture Increase Market Share In India Marketing Essay

Tata Motors Capture Increase Market Share In India Marketing Essay The acquisition of the two global brands- Jaguar and Land Rover acts in a crucial way to increase and develop the brand reputation and the quality of products for Tata Motors. It provides plenty of opportunity to the Indian consumer and the developing Indian automobile market can also help the launch of brands in the long-term. It can reap economies of scale through component sourcing and low cost engineering. Weakness: With different product portfolios for both brands it will be a challenging task ahead to market the same in the price sensitive Indian market. But this could be overcome through proper market research. Another concern is the diminishing image due to the continued losses and a de motivated work force due to the change in management. With right training and incentives and proper marketing strategies the company can convert these negatives to strengths. Opportunities: This launch is a great opportunity for the Indian customer and target the growing Indian market. Automobile market is developing in India and placed with launch of Nano, Tata Motors will be in a good position capture a larger share of the market. Threats: Increasing fuel prices combined with global meltdown will be a challenge for the company to stay afloat and over come the losses. In addition the strong competition can threaten the expected sales of the company. However the inherent financial and managerial strength of the conglomerate should be able to let the company withstand the challenges and move ahead. A danger that remains is that with the new ownership international brand loyalties may change and customers may move towards other models in the market. Ansoff Matrix: The Ansoff Matrix is an analytical tool that helps managers to devise their product and market growth strategies. It consists of four growth strategies namely- Market penetration, Market Development under new and existing and markets AND Product development, Diversification under new and existing products.  [2]   Ansoff Matrix- Existing product New product Existing market Market penetration This strategy mainly applies for those businesses that focus on selling existing products in the existing markets. It is a low- risk strategy and helps to increase the market share of itsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ current products.  [3]   Product development This strategy involves businesses aiming to sell new products in existing markets. This strategy is also a reason for acquiring another company as the costs of starting another company can be saved and different types of customers can be catered. This strategy is also useful for businesses using brand expansion strategies.  [4]   New market Market Development This method serves for those businesses that apply the strategy of selling existing products into newer markets.  [5]  Such techniques are used by businesses that plan to expand their business and attain higher customer base. Diversification It refers to the high risk growth strategy that involves a business marketing new products in new markets. Parent companies can benefit from having a presence in a range of products and markets in different regions of the world.  [6]   Market Penetration- Tata could continue with the same strategy that it had adopted for the UK for the rest of world. The estate, coupe and open saloon models of Jaguar and the Freelander and Range Rover sport of Land Rover selling in the existing markets UK can help them to gain profits and increase in sales in other markets due to the reputation of the brands. For the new models that are planned to launch, promoting and advertising can be a good choice for the firms to maintain their position in the market and to attract more consumers and build customer loyalty. Tata Indica and other commercial vehicles like Tata Ace are examples of Tataà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s market penetration strategy that exist in the existing markets and are still earning them great profits. Market Development Tata Motors have applied this strategy to this launch plan as they are already beginning to sell the most famous and highly appreciated products of both the brands such as the XF, XK and XJ models of Jaguar and Defender, Discovery, Range Rover Sport and Range Rover models of Land Rover in the Indian market that is completely new for both the firms. Also, while the other long and short-term plans are being strategized, these products can help the firm to have a great introduction to the market and the reviews can help the business in planning for their future types of products. Establishing popularity and brand loyalty with successful products can be a good option for the firm to begin with in India. Product Development- Tata Motors are launching the smallest car the famed Tata Nano in the Indian markets which is a new product by the firm and launched in existing markets of India and other countries where Tata Motors operate. This car can be useful for the firm as they can easily generate profits through this product as well as their brand name. Also, the firm can compete with other businesses in the same market with the help of these products. Tata Starbus and Tata Xover are other new products that have been launched by Tata Motors in India and other existing markets of Tata Motors. Diversification- The new products planned by Tata Motors through the Jaguar and Land Rover brands can be categorized in diversification. The company plans of manufacturing hybrid, electric and bio-fuels based and environmental friendly cars with the help of latest technology through both of these brands which can be useful in boosting the brand image of the firm. Also, there may be an increase in the profits of the firm as the hybrid cars are said to be the future of automobiles in order to save the earth from pollution. These new products launched in the new markets of India and others can be termed as diversified strategy of the firm. Tata Nano can also be included in this strategy as it is also a new product and is planned to be launched into new markets of African and Asian countries. Asset led marketing: Asset led marketing is a strategy that is adopted by the business for the sales of their products or services. Here, the firm uses its intangible assets for introducing a new product in the market. Tata Motors is a well-established and well-known firm and a part of the parent company Tata and Sons. Thus, in order to launch its products or services in the market and start off with immediate sales and profits, Tatas can use this which may even be applicable for launching the two automobile brands. Tata Motors have been in the news for past several months due to the launch of the worldà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s cheapest car in India- Tata Nano manufactured by their own company. Simultaneously launching two brands can help Tatas in gaining a lot of customer attention and thus a larger customer base. The well established and elegant brands with the giant prestige of Tata Motors can help the firms in garnering huge amounts of profits and gaining control over their competitors. Evaluation : The biggest advantage of this acquisition is that the firm might see an increase in sales of the cars due to both firmsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ worldwide luxury brand reputation and also due to the services and quality provided by the cars. But at the same time, the number of competitors in the booming automobile market of India has increased and finding their way out to satisfy the customers with different marketing strategies can be very costly for the firm. Tata Motors can implement various strategies such as advertising and also, various schemes can be used which guarantee consumer satisfaction and can also prove to be a part of customer attraction. These strategies can prove to be useful in boosting the brand image and the sales of the company as well. Short- term problems faced by the firm may be the recovering of the costs that has been put into the acquisition and the launch of Jaguar and Land Rover cars. The high manufacturing costs of Tata Motors, Jaguar and Land Rover might prove to be another reason for the losses in the accounts of the Tata Motors. The long-term problems can be an increase in competition as the Indian automobile market is developing at a rapid rate. If the company suffers losses, then there might be the need for job redundancies, thus leading to worker de-motivation. Conclusion: To conclude, the acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover brands may be risky due to the global slowdown but Tata Motors with its brand name and established presence in India can succeed in the long run. Tata Group, a huge multinational giant worldwide can capitalize through cross-subsidization. I think that by promoting the products and launching it along with Tata Nano will be useful as each can be a backup for the other in the future. The workforce can be motivated through good learning experience as they may have access to the technology used in manufacturing these premium cars but at the same time, if the products fail to create a mark on customers, the workers may feel insecure as job redundancies may be adopted by Tata Motors to struggle with their own financial portfolio. Bibliography- http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE55R0LK20090628?pageNumber=2virtualBrandChannel=0 http://www.autoblogs.in/2009/06/tata-jaguar-land-rover-launch-india.html http://free-sms-mms.blogspot.com/2009/06/tata-jaguar-land-rover-launched-in.html http://www.zeenews.com/news542730.html http://sify.com/finance/fullstory.php?id=14790692 http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/In-The-News/Rough-Roads-Ahead.html http://business.outlookindia.com/inner.aspx?articleid=1225subcatgid=611editionid=36catgid=44 http://www.tata.in/media/reports/inside.aspx?artid=r8CuZiHSZ2o= http://money.rediff.com/companies/tata-motors-ltd/10510008/profit-and-loss http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tatamotors/profit-loss/TM03 http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tatamotors/balance-sheet/TM03 http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tatamotors/ratios/TM03 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motors

Star Wars :: Essays Papers

Star Wars Star Wars is a science fiction adventure novel. The symbolism and characterization was really excellent in the story. The story gives a great look into the future as it has many different types of things we have not yet invented; blaster rifles, space ships that go the speed of light, fat alien slugs, and beam swords. The plot of the story sucks you into the novel and makes you want to continue reading the novel. The plot of the story mainly reflects on a young boy, Luke Skywalker. Luke was raised on his Uncle's moisture farm on the planet Tatooine. He meets up with Obi-Wan Kenobi by following a droid, R2-D2, he had purchased through a small natives of Tatooine known as Jawas. R2-D2 believes he is the property of Obi-Wan and decides to search for its master. Luke is attacked by another group of natives, Tusken Raiders also known as sand people. Obi-Wan comes and saves Luke from the sand people and take him back to his home. Obi-Wan tells Luke a little about his father. He tells Luke that his father was his apprentice in learning the ways of the "Force". Obi-Wan gives Luke his father's old light saber and Obi-Wan finds something inside R2-D2. It is a message from Princess Leia. She sent the two droids, R2-D2 and C3-PO, to send this message to Obi-Wan. Luke and Obi-Wan head back to Luke's house and find a Sandcrawler, a vehicle the Jawas travel in, destroyed. Luke thinks that some Tusken Raide rs did this, but Obi-Wan points out that Imperial Storm Troopers have attacked the Jawas. Luke then finds out that his uncle and aunt are dead. He then decides to train to be a Jedi Knight. They head to a Mos Eisley, a spaceport to search for a pilot to get them to the planet Alderaan. Obi-Wan and Luke meet up with a smuggler named Han Solo and his co-pilot, Chewbacca the Wookie also known as Chewie. They make a deal for Han to take the two humans and the two droids to Alderaan. While preparing the ship Han runs into a crime lord, Jabba the Hutt. Jabba was mad at Han for dropping off his shipments and running with out paying him. Han promises Jabba he will have his money soon and a little more. As they start boarding the ship some Storm Troopers find them and started attacking.

Workforce

The workforce is contingent on the willingness of personnel and sites . The workforce is the main concern of employers everywhere. All areas of employment are touched by economics and it consist of the figure of births rates, and the quantity of training each person receives. 100 years ago, most jobs were industrial in nature, what I mean is that individuals worked in factories or on an assembly lines. These types of positions weren't very challenging because it's a situation that was repetitious because the worker repeat steps. Because of new technology today, everything happens to be more demanding, very aggressive and creative. Women are employed within position that once was considered â€Å"only men were productive in. Work shifts are divided into three shifts for several organizations. They're basically eight hours a shift and the employee usually work forty hours a week. Over the years the workforce has added four generation of workers. This has caused a distinctive effect on the workforce and organizations have employed and facing age differences. The HR department has come to the knowledge that the workforce of the past as a consequence will influence the future status of many organizations. They realize that the success of the organization depends on being able to hire workers. Plus the facts show that many people are not retiring but continue to work well past the age of 65. HR specialists find that they're having to formulate additional resolutions to meet the demands relating to the workforce with the aging workers. Which requires HR specialists to understand and be able to execute ways to create jobs and to fill them with acceptable workers. Meanwhile workers and jobs are always transforming so organizations realize that they have diversity and the skill to maintain a balanced workforce being competent to accomplish their goals for the future of the organization. Also, companies have moved to global level with improved technology and communication. Besides more women employees entered the workforce which was not the state 100 years ago where women lives tended to be centered around their families. During World War I changed who the workforce would use once the men were either volunteering or being drafted to serve in the military which resulted in there was no one to fill the positions. So businesses hired the women to work in the men's place. After showing the factories that the women were capable to carry out the duties that the men could do, but they were paid less for the same job. Since then women have demanded rights for equal pay and equal treatment. Because the workforce have become more diverse with gender, age, and culture it has caused organizations to change how they attain workers and maintain their numbers. The older workers are still present in the workforce is making HR to consider alternative ways for hiring, training, and what type of benefits plans to offer as enticements.Today HR managers needs to spend considerable time and money in training in new technology and keep them updated. The future US workforce groups in 2025 would be mostly aged population over 60 years. The workforce I filled with many kinds of technology such as computers, internet, smart phones and many mobile devices that has opened communication where everything seems to move at the speed of light. Therefore, HR will need to be on their toes to meet every task in the future.ReferencesAnderson, B. E. (2000). Journal of Economic Perspectives. Worker Protection Policies in the New, 207-214.DeCenzo, D. A. (2016).Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. Danvers, MA: John Wiley ; Sons.Effortless HR. (2018).Retrieved from The Past, Present and Future Workforce: https://www.effortlesshr.com/blog/present-future-workforce-generations/Huczynski, A. ;. (2010). Organizational behaviour.London: Financial Times Prentice Hall.Khan, A. H. (2012). Impact of job satisfaction on employee performance: An empirical study of autonomous Medical Institutions of Pakistan.African Journal of Business Management, 2697.Micheal Bailey. (2018). Retrieved from Demographic shifts and the HR challenges of the f uture: https://www.michaelbaileyassociates.com/news/hr/demographic-shifts-and-the-hr-challenges-of-the-futureWomen in the Workplace. (n.d.).Retrieved from http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-15/edit-page/28241044_1_indian-women-chinese-women-chinese-counterpart

Radial or Femoral essay

Radial or Femoral essay Introduction Transradial and transfemoral approaches are two different types of techniques that are used to perform diagnostic percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary angiography (CA). Transradial approach is currently being used as the most effective alternative approach for cardiac catheterization to transfemoral approach. This is because of the several benefits it has for the patients over transfemoral approach. This paper provides the advantages and the benefits of transradial approach over transfemoral approach in creating care value for PCI and CA patients. Chuntao W Ed. (2011). The Transradial Approach is Associated with Lower Risk of Adverse Outcome Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A Single-Center Experience , 1-9. In this article, the authors are aimed at testing the hypothesis that the transradial approach is more linked to the lower risks of bad results in accordance to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) more than transfemoral approach (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). It also analyses whether the approval of transradial approach can lead to improved quality management of PCI in a single center practice (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). ). The researchers identified and reviewed 625 transfemoral and 462 transradial cases that were treated at their center from January 2007 to March 2009. During the treatment of risks associated with hospital mortality, vascular complications and bleeding, the researchers tried to examine the major differences that exist between transfemoral and transradial approaches (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). ). From the research analysis, the researchers established that exposure to bleeding was very much lower in the transradial patients than transfemoral group with the following percentag es, 2.60 percent and 6.08 percent respectively (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). Transradial patients also have lower risks of vascular complications (0 percent) than transfemoral patients (1.44 percent). The mortality rate observed in the hospital indicated that, it was lower for transradial approach (0.87 percent) than transfemoral approach (2.24 percent). Some-day discharges were less common in transfemoral patients than transradial patients (2.2% versus 14.2%) Chuntao W Ed, 2011). From the research results, the researchers established that risk of vascular complications and bleeding were lower for transradial approach and therefore its adoption may lead to improved quality care for PCI. In support of their findings, other scientific studies have also established that patients who receive PCI via radial arteries were less at risk of developing vascular complications and bleeding when compared to patients who receive it through femoral arteries (Chuntao W Ed, 2011). In addition, transrad ial approach was also established to be associated with lower risk of mortality than transfemoral approach. Researchers therefore agree that, radial approach should be adopted for improving quality of care to PCI patients in a specified center of practice Chuntao W Ed, 2011). Sandy M. (2010). Procedure Provides Comfort and Convenience, Reduces Complications of Cardiac Intervention. Radial Artery Catheterization makes a Comeback , 1. This article is about a coronary disease patient, Floyd, who suspected himself of being attacked by heart attack after performing a strenuous activity. He immediately called his doctor on Friday afternoon who instructed him to head straight to the emergency room (Sandy, 2010). Following his two past cardiac catheterization procedures, he was very afraid to undergo it again due to pain he experienced. But after being examined, the doctor established that he suffered no heart attack, but catheterization was still required to diagnose the cause of the chest pain and to treat it if possible. Something that interested Floyd most is that a new technique that would minimize discomfort was going to be used during catheterization process (Sandy, 2010). The method that was used in catheterization process is radial approach. This approach is becoming a very popular treatment technique that is used to treat blocked arteries. This is because of the improved tools, medicine and devices used. Acco rding to the article, patients requiring catheterization need to be diagnosed through radial approach (Sandy, 2010). This is because, through radial artery, the doctors can handle bleeding more appropriately and patients can thereafter, walk and eat. But with the femoral artery, patients leave the theater rooms with a sheath in the femoral artery (Sandy, 2010). After this process patients can not resume their duties because they have to stay in the hospital beds for up to ten hours while bleeding is being controlled depending on the degree of anticoagulants received. With the radial approach, the doctor assured Floyd he was to get back home on the following day and resume work only after three days of rest. Radial approach is more effective and comfortable for treating blocked arteries as compared to femoral approach since it is less complicated, comfortable and bleeding can easily be controlled after the process (Sandy, 2010). With the advent of radial approach, Floyd doctor believ es that patients with cardiac intervention will leave the hospital beds the same day after being treated. Schussler J. M. (2011). Effectiveness and Safety of Transradial Artery Access for Cardiac Catheterization. 1. This article suggests that transradial approach is slowly become more popular in coronary angioplasty and angiography than transfemoral approach (Schussler, 2011). This approach has several benefits to the patients such as reduced discomfort, reduced bleeding and low costs. Diagnosis of coronary angioplasty and angiography are usually characterized by several risks including excessive bleeding, stroke and death. Despite of the increased use of ad hoc angioplasty and blood thinners, exposure to these risks has remained stable. This is because the procedures involved in transfemoral technique are complex since they involve femoral access (Schussler, 2011). In order to take care of this situation, transradial technique was described in late 1980s and it is currently being considered as the best alternative to replace traditional femoral technique. In transradial approach, the risks of damaging the limbs are minimal since there is enough supply of blood from ulnar artery to palmar arch (Schussler, 2011). In transfemoral technique, coronary angioplasty and angiography are performed after drugs that reduce arterial thrombosis and spasm are administered. One of the advantages of transradial technique is that in this process, certain types of specially shaped catheters are used, and they enable the doctors to access both right and left coronary angiograms including venticulogram without switching different catheters (Schussler, 2011). One of the major benefits of transradial approach over transfemoral approach is the reduction in the number of complications that results after the diagnosis. Another benefit of transradial technique is the patient satisfaction. The patients are able to get back home on the same day of treatment and resume working three days after unlike transfemoral technique that required the patients to stay in the hospital beds for more than ten days depending in the complications they receive after the process (Schussler, 2011). Conclusion Both transradial and transfemoral approaches are for diagnostic percutaneous coronary intervention and for coronary angiography. Transfemoral approach, however, is results into several problems after it is performed. The acknowledgement of transradial approach provided an effective basis over which these problems can be solved. Radial approach has thus been established as the best alternative approach diagnostic PCI and CA. It has several benefits to the patients which include low cost of treatment, reduced bleeding , less time spent ihn the hospital beds and they are able to resume their jobs only three days after treatment, and this is supported by all the three articles summarized above.

El Imperio Azteca †Espanol Essay

El Imperio Azteca – Espanol Essay Free Online Research Papers El Imperio Azteca Espanol Essay Los aztecas o los Mà ©xicas, eran un grupo indà ­gena que dominà ³ el centro y el sur de Mà ©xico desde el siglo XIV hasta el siglo XVI (Aztecas). Habà ­a ms que 15 millones personas en los 500 ciudades estado en el imperio de los Aztecas. La ciudad ms famosa es Tenochtitlan donde 300,000 personas vivà ­an. Esta ciudad era muy advansada con las calzadas, y una systema de irrigacià ³n (Davies197). Tenochtitlan estaba edificado para el dios Huitzilopochtli. Habà ­a una leyenda de Tenochtitlan, los aztecas veà ­an un buen aguero, un guila comiendo una serpiente sobre un nopal (Smith 197). Ahora, esta ciudad es el Ciudad de Mà ©xico y la imagen de un guila devorando a una serpiente sobre un nopal representa el sà ­mbolo oficial de Mà ©xico (Azteca 1). La civilzation de los aztecas era muy avanzada y organizada. *La Sociedad En la sociedad Azteca, habà ­a tres clases de personas, los nobles, los plebeyos, y los esclavos (Aztecas 1). 5-10 porcentajes de la poblacià ³n eran parte de la clase de los nobles, quien poseà ­a mucha de la tierra y tenà ­a ms libertad que los otros (Smith 143). La segunda clase era los plebeyos. Esta clase no era una parte de las decisiones del gobierno, y es una posibilidad que las personas en esta clase usaban para los sacrificios en el temple (Smith 275). La tercera clase, los esclavos, no tenà ­a libertad. Muchas veces, trabajaba como criados personales a los nobles (Davies 212). Era posible que los criminales vendieran como esclavos, tambià ©n (Davies 213). *La vida diaria Todos los nià ±os y nià ±as fueran a la escuela entre los edades de 10 y 20. Los jà ³venes de la clase plebeyo enseà ±aban sobre guerra y las armas en las escuelas, se llamaban, Telpochealli. Todos, nià ±os y nià ±as enseà ±aban bailar, cantar, y tocar los instrumentos musicales en los rituales sagrados (Smith 137). Las mujeres trabajaban en la casa con los nià ±os, y los hombres trabajaban en los campos y fabricaban las calzadas (Smith 137). *La escritura y la lengua La lengua de los aztecas se llamaba nhuatl (Aztecas). Tambià ©n, esta civilizacià ³n es uno de las cinco sociedades que formaban una lengua escritura (smith 249). La escritura usaba pinturas que se llamaba, â€Å"glyphs† para representar palabras. Por ejemplo, uso muchos tipos de flores diferentes para simbolizar los sacrificios humanos (Davies 238). Hay muchos cancià ³nes para los dioses, leyendas de los hà ©roes y poesà ­a que habà ­an descubierto por los arqueà ³logos (Davies 239). *La Religià ³n La religià ³n era la cosa ms importante a los aztecas. Los creà ­an en muchos dioses reinaba la vida diaria. Habà ­a Huitzilopochtli, el diedad del sol, Coyolxahuqui, la diosa de la luna y representaba la mitologà ­a azteca, Tlloc, el diedad de la luvia,y Qutzalcotl, el inventor del calendario y la escritura (Azteca 1). Tenà ­an muchos dioses, y cada dios hacia una cosa diferente. Los aztecas creà ­an que el dios del sol necesitaba la sangre y los corazones de los sacrificios para movar el sol en el cielo todos los dà ­as. *Sacrificios Humanos Despues de todos los rituales sagrados en el templo, habà ­an sacrificios humanos (Davies 229). Habà ­a una leyenda que la diosa Coyolxahuqui era asesinada por su hermano, el dios del sol, Huitzilopochtli (Azteca 1). Por eso, los aztecas creà ­an que el dios del sol necesitaba la sangre y los corazà ³nes de los sacrificios humanos para mover el sol en el cielo (Smith 280). Tambià ©n, los aztecas creà ­an que todos los dioses exigà ­an sacrificios del los humanos o los dioses se enfadarà ­a. Cuando habà ­a una catstrofe en el mundo como una carestà ­a, los aztecas ofrecà ­an sacrficios de prisioneros o exclavos para â€Å"alimentar a las deidades solares para asegurarse la continuidad de su aparicià ³n cada dà ­a y con con ella la permanencia de la vida humana, animal y vegetal sobre la Tierra† (Aztecas 1). Habà ­a sacrificios horrendos a â€Å"The Feast of the Flayed God.† Aquà ­, el sacerdote escogà ­o un prisionero para desollar. Entonces, para veinte dà ­as despuà ©s de la ceremonà ­a, el sacerdote llevà ³ el piel del prisionero (Davies 229). En el otro ritual, se puso la cabeza del prisionero en un pared de cabezas y en una ceremonà ­a, el cuerpo del prisionero se comà ³ a un banquete (Davies 228). * Los Calendarios Los aztecas tenà ­an dos calendarios, como los Mayas en Mà ©xico. La primera usà ³ para los sacerdotes y los astrà ³logos. Habà ­a 260 dà ­as, 20 semanas de 13 dà ­as (Davies 225). Los sacerdotes utlizaba esta calendario para recorder los rituals y para predecir el futuro de cada persona (Smith 254). Tenà ­a un calendario solar de 365 dà ­as, divididos en 18 meses de 20 dà ­as, y al fà ­n del cada aà ±o, habà ­a 5 dà ­as de mala suerte (Smith 254). Usaban este calendario para ceremonà ­as pà ºblicas y para recordar los temporados. Los dos calendarios eran un parte del 52 aà ±o ciclo (Aztecas 1). *La Agricultura Los Aztecas ocupaban una zona pantosa, como tenochtitlan, situada al oeste del lago (Aztecas 1). Por eso, hacà ­an bancos de terreno por los pobladores de las ciudades-estado en el lago Texcoco. Se llamaban los bancos, chinampas, que consistà ­an en rectngulos de lodo. Habà ­a canales de irrigacà ­on alredador de las cinampas (Smith 71). No utilizaban los animals para cultivar la tierra sino, usaban el palo, se llamaba coa (Smith 71). Crecà ­an maà ­z, tabaco, chiles, fruta y maguey (Aztecas 2). Tambià ©n, en las montaà ±as, crecà ­eron las cosechas en terrazos (Smith 71). *Chocolate Los Aztecas creà ­an que el dios Quetzacoatl trajo del cielo las semillas de cacao y les enseà ±Ãƒ ³ como cultivar el rbol(Chocolate el alimento de los dioses). Cacao es uns semilla del arbà ³l. Los aztecas usaban cacoa como la moneda y un bebida ritual. Pagaron los impuestos con las semillas del cacao (Smith 118). 100 semillas comprà ³ un esclavo. Tambià ©n, los nobles bebà ­an un bebida de cacao, chocolate, en el corte de Moctezuma. Bebà ­an ms de 50 cantros cada dà ­a en el corte (Smith 56). El cacao, tan valioso como el oro y las gemas (Chocolate el alimento de los dioses). *La Conquista Mocteczuma II era el reino cuando Hernan Cortez llegà ³ en el Febrero de 1519 a Mà ©xico (Smith 276). Los espaà ±oles eran ms diferente que los aztecas, tenà ­an barbas negras, piel blanco, alcohol, y el caà ±Ãƒ ³n. Moctezuma piensà ³ que los espaà ±oles fueron dioses y por eso, Cortez recibà ³ muchas regalos del oro y plumas de Moctezuma (Smith 280). Cortez y los espaà ±oles les gustaban los regalos y querà ­an ms. Entraron Tecnochtitlan, y mataron Mochtezuma II. Tambià ©n, muchos aztecas se murieron de una plaga de los espaà ±oles (Smith 281). En Agusto de 1521, los espaà ±oles ganaron el imperio azteca (Davies 190). Bibliografia Davies, Nigel. The ancient kingdoms of Mexico. Penguin Books, new York: 1982. (210-240) Smith, Michael E. The Aztecs. Blackwell Publishers. Massachusetts: 1996. (248-260) Research Papers on El Imperio Azteca - Espanol EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayGenetic EngineeringComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

Seventeenth of October in Argentina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seventeenth of October in Argentina - Essay Example According to Foss (33), an earthquake damaged a greater part of San Juan’s city of Andrean. More than seven thousand individuals perished and more than twelve thousand others injured. Using his secretariat of labor & social welfare, Peron managed to organize a countrywide assistance for the victims and managed to resources through well-known leading celebrities. Eva Duarte was in the midst of them and helped to mobilize resources to help the needy.Lewis (485) also said, a great party at Luna Park held with the intention of helping the victims of earthquake on January 22. It is at the event that Eva Duarte and Colonel Peron began an association, publicly confirmed; at a social event at colon opera house on July 9, to make merry of the independence day of Argentina. A few days followed and General Farrell assumed presidency on March 11 when Ramirez resigned. At this point Peron became the vice-president as he retained his title of being the departmental head of the secretariat o f labor & social welfare coupled with the recent job he had got as the minister of war. According to Martinez (379), Peron had become a respectable individual in the new military government, although it was the most exasperating as far as the opposition was concerned. Eva’s existence and the position that Peron had given her presented another intention; this time his personal equals would make an attempt at it. If Peron was aggressive, the woman at his part even more aggressive.She had made her mind to stand besides her man and not behind him.

Green engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Green engineering - Essay Example In the contemporary world, many people have installed the technologies to maximally benefit from solar energy. It is not only efficient, but a sustainable energy that can be relied on even in the future. The sun provides energy in two ways; by heating and through lighting. It radiates great amount of energy that travels through space and spreads all through the earth’s surface. Naturally, the inner core of sun produces the energy through a nuclear fusion of the hydrogen and helium atoms, radiates onto the sun’s surface, and consequently emits electromagnetic radiation onto the earth using a wide variety of wavelengths (â€Å"Alternative energy† kennesaw.edu). Upon reaching the earth surface, it is harvested for greater use in various processes. Solar energy is of great importance in supporting the life and processes of plants, as well as those of humans. Specific Aspects of how Solar Energy works There are two specific technologies of converting solar energy into electricity. These are the commonly known photovoltaic systems and solar thermal systems. They both employ very distinct mechanisms to produce power from the suns light. Photovoltaic energy This system of sunlight conversion uses solar panel technologies with the photovoltaic cells as the core element in generation of power (European communities 5). Solar panels are devices or modules of a connected assembly of photovoltaic cells, with the capability of collecting the sunlight photons for conversion. The solar panels are developed in different sizes of rectangular shape, from which several can be used as a combination to produce enough electricity. The solar cells in the panels are made up of semiconductor materials (silicon is very common), whose conductivity can be increased by introducing impurities (European communities 5). Basically, in the presence of light or sunshine, some of the radiant energy that hits PV cells is absorbed and transferred to the electrons within the atoms of the semiconductor. Because of the continuous transmitting energy from the sun, electrons of the cells tend to shift from their positions as they move towards a preferential side of attraction in the cells, creating an electric voltage that can be collected and channeled (â€Å"How do solar† nwwindandsolar.com). As the electrons move, they create space for others to move into, and hence generating the current in the electrical circuit (direct conversion of sunlight into electricity). Generally, once the energy as electricity is produced, the direct current generated and collected is converted through an inverter, into alternating current required to run most electronic appliances. The electricity can also be used by connecting the inverter to any load, or connect to the battery banks to store energy for further use. Suppose one switches into solar generated electricity using this technology, he has to enquire and seek suitable number and sizes of the solar panels that can be placed on the roof s, away from shade, and in a suitable position (South facing installations on the roof recommended), with correct angle inclinations to benefit

Create an investment proposal for a business of your choice Assignment

Create an investment proposal for a business of your choice - Assignment Example Owing to the huge amount of the financial resources that will be required to implement the investment successfully, the funds will be sourced from commercial banks due to their ability in lending huge loans. The financial amounts that will be required to undertake a real estate investment has the potential of running into millions due to the cost of the essential requirements that will be needed. However, an investment analysis has been undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed investment. The business proposal evaluation has been undertaken using financial tools to measure the economic value of undertaking the investment. In addition, the investment proposal investigates the optimal financing approach that should be adopted by the investor based on the cost of financing an investment will incur to actualize the operations. Undertaking the financial plan of the investment is essential since it helps in validating the feasibility of the project to the financiers in suppor ting it implementation. Consequently, the investment proposal evaluation has played a critical role in establishing the significance of the investment and the optimal investment direction that should be adopted. In order to undertake the investment, the investor will need financial resources for operation of the investment activities. The amount of financial resource that is estimated to be required in undertaking the investment is  £100,000. Consequently, the financial resources will need to be solicited from the available sources. Sources of finance could be long-term, medium term or short-term depending on the favorable source for the investor. The long-term sources of finance are sources that exceed one year of reimbursement. The components of long-term debts are made up of equity and long-term debts (Ingram & Albright, 2009). Medium

The Rising population of Women in Prison Homes in America Essay Example for Free

The Rising population of Women in Prison Homes in America Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Incarceration rates in the American region have been rising over the past 20 years. It could not be denied that through the statistical reports, major issues in incarceration include the undeniably increasing rates of women who are incarcerated. Their cases mostly range from the most basic personal assaults towards the murder cases. Both the aggressiveness of women and the weakness of the said gender to defend themselves from the injustices of the human law have naturally placed them in such situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this regard, women who are giving birth n prisons also increase at the same time. More likely, these inmates are involved in either crime-based intercourse within or outside prison homes that they are able to conceive their babies inside their prison cells. How are the said pregnant omen treated and how are their babies delivered and cared for later on? What programs have been established to support the growing number of women who are delivering their children in prison homes? Moreover, if there could be a way to reduce the numbers of women who are annually incarcerated within the America prison homes, what would it possibly be?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These questions shall be discussed within the paragraphs that follow. This study mainly addresses to the topic using several research informations and actual program reports that have already been implemented within the prison homes of America. Moreover, through the use of critical analysis of the situation, this research is aimed in  being able to show the truth on women behind bars and how they are treated as they bear their babies. Women in Prison Homes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the Chicago Legal Advocacy for Incarcerated Mothers, the growing rate of mothers or women who are incarcerated since the year 1994 have been increasingly disturbing. The reports of the said Legal Advocacy are to be listed as follows:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The number of women in Illinois state prisons at year-end 2002 was 2,520 – a 173% increase in ten years. As of yearend 2002, the number of incarcerated women nationwide was 97,491. Arrests of women for murder and manslaughter decreased 35.5% in that time. ï ¿ ½ Nationwide the percentage of women has more than doubled as a proportion of the population under correctional supervision, from 4% to 9%. About 15,000 women are detained in Cook County Jail annually and about 1,200 women are in the jail on any given day. 82 percent of all women detained at Cook County Jail in October 2001 were charged with non-violent offenses. More than 61% of women prisoners in Illinois serve sentences for property (32%) and drug (29%) offenses. Women’s crime has not become more violent, but sentencing has become harsher. ï ¿ ½ Like poverty, imprisonment disproportionately affects women of color. In 2002, 72% of women in pre-trial detention in Cook County were African-American, 7.5% were Latina, 11% were white, and 9% were multi-racial or other. Between 1990 and 2001 women admitted to Illinois prisons were 67.3% African-American, 26.9% white, and 5.1% Latina, with Asians and American Indians making up the other less than 1%. Nationally, black women were more than eight times as likely as white women to be in prison in 1997. ï ¿ ½ Both childhood and adult histories of abuse are strongly correlated with drug use among women. A 1994 study reported that 80% of women prisoners had experienced physical and sexual abuse, often beginning in childhood. ï ¿ ½ The Illinois Department of Corrections estimates that 80% of women prisoners need drug treatment, but it is available to only 20% of them. ï ¿ ½ In Illinois, more than 60% of women entering prison have not attained a high school diploma. ï ¿ ½ Rates of HIV infection are much higher in the prison population than in the general population. At year-end 2000, 3.6% of female state prison inmates were HIV-positive, compared to 2.2% of males. Prisoners in Illinois are paid as little as $15 per month for prison assignments but they must pay $2 for each doctor visit in prison. ï ¿ ½ Prisons are generally male-oriented and male-dominated. While there is a lack of programs and services for prisoners overall, the shortage for women is more stark. (Source: CHICAGO LEGAL ADVOCACY FOR INCARCERATED MOTHERS. 312.675.09111. 2003. http://womenandprison.org/claim-factsheet.pdf).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is also according to this fact sheet that the incarceration of mothers have a great effect on the society and the development of their children outside their guidance. The result of such situations are indeed degrading to the society. The report further adds the fact sheet on the further result of the incarcerated mothers towards the families and the children that they left behind. The said reports are as follows: ï ¿ ½ 82.5% of women incarcerated in Illinois are mothers. In fiscal year 2000, approximately 2,800 women entering state prison reported that they had given birth to 7,500 children. Nationwide, women under correctional supervision are mothers of an estimated 1.3 million minor children. More than 10 million children have had a parent imprisoned at some point in their lives. Many mothers were their children’s sole caretakers before arrest. ï ¿ ½ Nearly 90% of fathers in prison in the U.S. report that their children live with the mothers; 28% of incarcerated mothers report that their children are being cared for by the fathers. ï ¿ ½ In 2003, 63 babies were born to mothers in the custody of Dwight Correctional Center. Nationwide, about 5% of women are pregnant when they enter prison. Another 15% have babies less than six weeks old. Newborns are separated from imprisoned mothers within a day or two of birth, missing the crucial, irretrievable period of mother-child bonding, which affects development for the rest of their lives. ï ¿ ½ Studies demonstrate that regular visits between children in foster care and their mothers enhance the children’s emotional, scholastic, and social adjustment to placement. Numerous studies show that family contact has a strong, positive impact on parole success when the mother is released.    ï ¿ ½ When a mother goes to prison, it is her children who suffer most. Studies link parental incarceration with problems including poor school performance, aggression, emotional problems, and post-traumatic stress. Young children may be severely traumatized by the sudden separation from their mothers, resulting in developmental delays and later emotional problems. Children commonly experience sadness, anger, confusion, grief or apathy due to the separation. Children’s substitute caregivers often are stretched beyond their resources. Visits to distant prisons and long-distance, collect calls are the only available contact for children who are too young to benefit from letters. ï ¿ ½ 84% of mothers in federal prisons and 64% of mothers in state prisons lived with their children before arrest. When they are released, they face multiple barriers to reuniting their families, reintegrating into their communities, and obtaining stable employment and housing. ï ¿ ½ A 1985 study found that less than 1% of mothers in a California prison were sentenced for child abuse. ï ¿ ½ Children of imprisoned mothers who go into state foster homes may be separated from brothers and sisters, moved to a series of foster homes, and denied visits with their mothers. Foster care workers often fail to provide mandated visits and services. There is little coordination or continuity of services when the mother returns to the community. An estimated one in four children in the Illinois foster care system are abused in their foster homes. Foster children have an increased risk of delinquency in adolescence and homelessness in adulthood. ï ¿ ½ Maternal imprisonment affects future generations: children’s psychological health and sense of family is severely damaged by the separation from their mothers. Increasingly, families are destroyed forever through termination of parental rights, permanently cutting off the mother-child bond even if nobody adopts the children. Illinois in particular has targeted prisoners for destruction of their families through legal severance of family ties, so that the children and mothers have no further communication, visits, or even information about each others’ welfare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Certainly, mothers who are placed behind bars and are having less time with their families have a great impact on the people that they left behind. As the actual reports show, at times, even visiting the said women inmates are prohibited. All these have a great impact on the fact that the women are less able to communicate with their children, hence having less guidance on their young ones. Although these women were imprisoned for some criminal reason maybe, it does not mean that they are no longer capable of taking care of their child or giving them the needed guidance that they have to gain form their mothers as they grow. As reports attest to the fact that children who are separated from their mothers at an early stage usually grow up to becoming delinquent citizens of the society [in case they fall on the wrong hands of guardians, which usually happens when the mother is in prison].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, because of the environment of the American prison homes [usually worldwide reports on these cases are even at a graver situation], the officers and the prison policy for such situation would be focused on the environmental development of the child. Living with people who are bound behind bars because of incurring some crimes may not be that good of a developmental environment for young children. Hence, there is no choice but to separate the child from the mother and have them taken care of by other relatives or by foster parents. What has the government and other non-government organizations done to deal with this situation? The Programs Designed for Mother and Child in Prison Homes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At present, the increasing numbers of pregnant women who deliver their babies within the prison territories have already been called out to the ears of the authorities concerned in the issue. Certainly, there were programs that have been constructed by several concerned groups and the government itself to help these women and their children get over the separation and the grave situation that they are compromised to deal with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These programs were gradually developed since it has been observed that children who are separated from their mothers at an early stage develop several mental and physical illness (Bender, 2004). To be able to avoid the said occurrences among children, the introduction of the â€Å"Tamar’s Children† project has been established in 2001. This project is mainly focused on rehabilitating the nurturing mother, especially if they have been taking drugs or have been related to any substance abuse cases, to be able to help them take care of their children at a certain time that the prison allows, as the baby needs them for support during the infancy stage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The program has been proposed to begin at the delivery stage of the baby. The American Psychiatric Association believes that the mothers, though they are considered criminals under the human law, should be treated with respect and dignity when they are delivering their babies inside the prison homes. According to Eva Bender, the program set up would support the mother as she delivers her child to help her develop love for her young as the infant goes out f her womb (2004). Later on, as the mother and child bonding is pursued, the mothers are placed in correctional communities where they are able to connect with their children freely and are treated well by authorities. This is to reduce the traumatic experiences of the mothers being passed on to their children as they tend to them in their infancy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As it could be observed, the project proposition is manly focused on the mental development of the child. Along with it comes the rehabilitation of the mother for the sake of the young ones. As the group believes that â€Å"Anytime you have women who are incarcerated, there is stigma,Gillece continued. Add that they have prostituted themselves,are pregnant, and addicted to heroin. These are not populargirls. Anywhere†¦The birthing experience is a new one for many of the women—including those who are not first-time mothers, she noted. Many of the women had been using drugs when they had their other babies and hadn’t delivered without being high before—it is a whole new experience, (Bender, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yes, the assistance of the authorities to many of the new mothers inside the prison homes would help well not only on the rehabilitation of the mother but also on the development of the child as it grows up away from its mother’s care. The Effects of Pregnancy and Delivering Babies to Women   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It could be noted that through the implementation of the projected programs for pregnant and delivering women inside the prison homes affect the personality of the women inmates. Most of the women who were able to deliver their babies gain maturity and a sense of responsibility which in turn making them capable of being rehabilitated from their old selves when they were first incarcerate in the prison homes. It could be noted too that based on reports, the rate of women who are returning to prison homes because of repeated crimes are lessened on the part of the ‘already mothers’ when they finished their prison sentences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Certainly, this could mean that one of the ways which could be used to lessen the number of the women inmates is to teach them some responsibility that would   help them grow in maturity and thus they would not commit the same crimes again as they go out of the prison territories. As a result, this could be considered as a way by which the rates of women incarceration could be reduced as well. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fact of having young women or pregnant inmates has naturally brought fourth issues that are directly connected on mother and child development. The said issue raises more questions regarding the situation on individual development of both separate people, the mother and the young infant. As a result, the programs created to directly assist both sides of the situation have been proposed to have effective and practical effects on the personality of both separate people. Yes, these programs have been proven to support two separate aims of rehabilitating the mother and thus lowering the rate or returning inmates and the rate of women who are hosted by prison homes, also it helps in creating a better environment for the infant as it develops. BIBLIOGRAPHY Publications: Home Office (1997) Mothers in Prison, Diane Caddle and Debbie Crisp, Research Findings No. 38, Home Office Research and Statistics Directorate. Report of a Review of Principles, Policies and Procedures on Mothers and Babies/Children in Prison – Response and Action Plan December 1999 Home Office, (1997) Imprisoned Women and Mothers , Diane Caddle and Debbie Crisp, Research Study 162, A Research and Statistics Directorate Report Home Office (1998) Age Limits for Babies in Prison: Some Lessons from Abroad, D Caddle, Research Findings No. 80, Home Office Research Development and Statistics Directorate. Home Office (1997) Mothers in Prison, Diane Caddle and Debbie Crisp, Research Findings No. 38, Home Office Research and Statistics Directorate. Richards, M. et al. (1996) Imprisonment and family ties. Home Office Research and Statistics Bulletin No. 38: HMSO Howard League (1995) Prison Mother and Baby Units, Howard League. Howard League (1997) Pregnant and in Prison, Howard League. Howard League (1999) Babies behind Bars, Frances Crook, HLM, February 1999, Volume 17, No.1, Howard League. Richards, M. et al. (1995) Foreign nationals in English prisons: 1. Family ties and their maintenance. The Howard Journal Vol 34 No 2 May 1995. Blumstein, A. and Wallman, J., eds., The Crime Drop in America. Cambridge Press, 2000. Schiraldi, V., Ziedenberg, J., The Punishing Decade: Prison and Jail Estimates at the Millennium. Justice Policy Institute, 1999. Illinois Department of Corrections (hereinafter IDOC), 2002 Statistical Presentation. State of Illinois. July 31, 2003. IDOC Office of Planning and Research. February 2003 Harrison, Paige and Beck, Allen, Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin Prisoners in 2002. NCJ 200248. July 2003 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States 2002. Section IV: Persons Arrested. 2002. Bureau of Justice Statistics Correctional Surveys (The National Probation Data Survey, National Prisoner Statistics, Survey of Jails, and The National Parole Data Survey) as presented in Correctional Populations in the United States. BJS. November 28, 2000. 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